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Dwindling fossil fuel resources and pressures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will result in a more diverse range of generation portfolios for future electricity systems. Irrespective of the portfolio mix the overarching requirement for all electricity suppliers and system operators is to instantaneously meet demand, to operate to standards and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore all electricity...
China has an ambitious target of developing 30GW offshore wind energy by 2020. A spatially continuous resource economic and tropical cyclone risk model is built using Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate the feasibility of the target from both national and provincial level. The influence of spatial constraints and tropical cyclone risk on offshore wind potential and its associated marginal...
Introduction of ZEVs (zero emission vehicles) and lightweight materials in a conventional steel-intensive internal combustion engine vehicle fleet will affect energy consumption and automotive material requirements. We developed a bottom-up dynamic accounting model of the light-duty vehicle fleet, including vehicle production and disposal, with detailed coverage of powertrains and automotive materials...
This paper presents a robust optimization method to determine the optimum capacity of distributed generation technologies for buildings in the face of uncertain energy demand. The model presents capacity requirements of energy system that is almost optimal for different realizations of the uncertain demand. By adjusting the penalty and degree of solution robustness parameters, the trade-off between...
This work is focused on the planning of rational heating systems for urban areas. District heating is an important option to supply heat to the users in urban areas. The energy sustainability of such option depends on the annual energy request, the population density and the efficiency in heat production. Among the alternative technologies, geothermal heat pumps play a crucial role. Nevertheless,...
The beneficial use of tung oil in pre-blended oil for the production of biodiesel was studied at various blending compositions of tung, canola and palm oils (C BT , C BC and C BP ). The effects of C BT , ultrasonic power (P WUS ) and sample loading (V L ) on the yield (Y F ) and the properties of acid value, iodine values (IV), kinematic viscosity...
The alkaline-catalyzed ethanolysis of rapeseed oil was studied. In the case of homogeneous catalysis (KOH), the effects of various reaction conditions on the quantity and quality of biodiesel (yield, purity, acid number, carbon residue, free glycerol, potassium content) and the glycerol phase (weight, soaps and ethyl esters content) were studied. The studied reaction conditions were: the reaction...
Many of the modern practices in waste management at the same time represent means of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The main focus in this paper is given to the measures for recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW): Utilization of landfill gas for electricity production, Utilization of refuse derived fuel (RDF) in cement industry, Thermal treatment (Incineration) of MSW, Mechanical-biological...
The paper presents results of techno-economic analysis of using wood residues from wood industry for CHP (combined heat and power). The aim was to determine the economic feasibility of CHP in Serbia in the light of newly adopted feed in tariffs. In the first part, costs of electricity production are calculated for five different types of CHP technology which could meet the needs of wood industry in...
Many islands face problems in regard to sustainable development, both environmentally and economically. Due to geographical isolation energy is often imported from the mainland. Focusing on local energy use may help islands to identify sustainable strategies and solutions. Islands in transition towards using more renewable energy sources are part of the project “Cradle to Cradle Islands”, funded by...
In the EU and in Denmark, the aim is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to use energy more efficiently. District heating and combined heat and power have significant potential with regard to achieving this aim. New technologies may make individual solutions such as electric heating, heat pumps and micro-CHP more attractive than previously. Therefore, the competitive conditions between district...
In this study, it is analysed how a large-scale implementation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles towards 2030 would influence the power systems of five Northern European countries, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. Increasing shares of electric vehicles (EVs) are assumed; comprising 2.5%, 15%, 34%, and 53% of the private passenger vehicle fleet in 2015,...
Denmark’s long-term energy goal is to develop an energy system solely based on renewable energy sources by 2050. To reach this goal, energy savings in buildings is essential. Therefore, the focus on energy efficient measures in buildings and net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) has increased.Most buildings in Denmark are connected to electricity grids and around half are connected to district heating...
Although previous climate change research has documented the effects of linking mitigation and adaptation in the energy sector, there is still a lack of integrated assessment, particularly at national level. This paper may contribute to fill this gap, identifying the interactions between climate change and the energy demand in Macedonia.The analyses are conducted using the MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation)-Macedonia...
Due to the rapid increase of wind and photovoltaic generation, flexible storage applications become more important. Electric vehicles are supposed as one option to fill the gap between a fixed energy demand and a stochastic feed in from fluctuating energy sources. But the charging loads will also affect the grid load, since the transport sector contributes considerably to the total energy consumption...
This study is aimed at providing a contribution in overcoming the current gap, especially in Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Benefit – Cost (BCA) analyses, due to the lack concerning the green roof disposal costs. Therefore, we have applied to an actual extensive green roof the LCC methodology suggested by D. G. Woodward (that appears like one of the most formalized and generalizable), but we have extended...
The knowledge of the potentially achievable reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by biomass co-firing is a powerful tool in supporting decision makers when it comes to undertaking energy planning. The main goal of this work was to develop a methodology by which significant biomass co-firing potentials and subsequent reduced GHG emissions, could be obtained at large territories. This methodology...
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